Abstract: The emergence of the concepts of material deprivation and social exclusion offers new opportunities to explore the locational profile of social disadvantage in Australia. This paper uses data from a specially designed survey to estimate the extent and nature of material deprivation and different forms of social exclusion, and examine how they vary across different types of location. The results reveal a broadly similar overall picture to that provided by conventional objective and subjective indicators of economic well-being, but allow the spatial profile of locational disadvantage to be more thoroughly examined and better understood. The results are also used to examine the extent to which deprived and excluded individuals live in areas identified as relatively disadvantaged using conventional (census-based) indicators.