Abstract: This paper presents a literature review considering issues that impact upon the ethical assessment of Indigenous health research in Australia. It situates commentary on the ethical review of Indigenous health research in Australia within the context of broader commentaries on the systems for ethical review of mainstream health and Indigenous health research in Australia and also internationally. The review focuses on the identification of unresolved issues associated with the process of ethical review for committee-based ethical assessment of Indigenous health research. The review draws on Australian and international literature in the fields of public health, medical and social science research ethics and methodologies, as well as Indigenous research ethics and methodologies. While the review initially covers the development of Indigenous health research guidelines in Australia, it also considers contemporary issues impacting upon the ethical assessment of Indigenous health in Australia with regard to international developments. The main review findings are summarised and unresolved issues are presented as a set of questions. Finally, some ‘best-practice’ interventions to support the ethical assessment of Indigenous health research are outlined, as well.