Abstract: Central to my discussion on a human rights approach to Indigenous wellbeing will be understanding how the right to self-determination, as recognised in the UN Declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples and other human rights agreements, is essential to addressing the inequities and disadvantages Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples face in areas such as economic development, health and education. I will also consider how human rights can provide a useful framework for considering practical approaches to addressing Indigenous wellbeing in a holistic manner that incorporates the physical, mental, social, economic, political and cultural elements of wellbeing.