Abstract: Buffel grass is a major environmental weed with the potential to establish in over 60% of mainland Australia. It is also highly prized by many pastoralists as an exotic pasture grass for livestock. Within these two conflicting views there is a spectrum of opinions on the relative benefits and cost of managing impacts of buffel grass in a sustainable way. The objective is to address Priority 3 for buffel grass that is, quantifying the impacts of buffel grass on sustainability and the environment and the relative benefits and costs of different approaches to management. The original six objectives have been re-focussed to address Land and Water Australia’s reporting requirements as stated in the project schedule, which were: 1. Recommendations on benefit/cost of buffel grass to pastoral production and conservation 2. Recommendations for improved buffel grass management, and 3. Relevant approaches to benefit/cost assessment and management of social barriers to changed management of other contentious ‘weeds’ (prefer ‘species’) 4. Identification of scientific publications