Abstract: From a longitudinal qualitative case study of 29 teachers newly appointed to rural and remote schools in Western Australia a theory and model of Quality of Worklife for Rural and Remote Teachers: Person-Environment Fit to Multiple Environments was developed. The theory identifies and synthesises the protective and risk factors associated with relocation to rural and remote schools. It posits that teachers must integrate into multiple environments: the sociocultural community of rural Australia, the geographic location, the organisation, the workplace and a specific work role, while renegotiating familial and social relationships. By synthesising factors that impact on the quality of worklife in this way, educational systems, communities and individuals can work to minimise risk factors and maximise protective factors to enhance quality of worklife and ultimately improve the retention of teachers in rural and remote areas.