Abstract: This Literature Review was undertaken to inform and support the Independent Review of Regional, Rural and Remote Education (IRRRRE) announced by the Australian Government in March 2017, and principally the development of a Discussion Paper to facilitate a call for submissions and a national program of consultations. As such, the literature review is more of a working document than a piece of polished writing. For example, there is brief commentary from time to time which functions as an aide-memoire to the writer of the Discussion Paper. The IRRRRE was tasked with considering the key issues, challenges and barriers that impact on the learning outcomes of regional, rural and remote students and provide recommendations on innovative and fresh approaches to support improved access and achievement of these students in school and their transition to further study, training and employment.