Abstract: This report investigates the skill and training needs of regional groups responsible for developing Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) plans under the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality and the extension of the Natural Heritage Trust. It also considers broader issues related to capacity building for INRM. Report findings are based on a literature review, key informant interviews and responses from members and staff of regional groups to a training needs questionnaire that included a skills template (a listing of skill and knowledge areas relevant to INRM planning). The report identifies two major approaches to learning: hard and soft systems approaches. The former tends to focus on the need for scientific and technical expertise (specialised knowledge), and often seeks universally generalisable laws and solutions. The second focuses on involving a range of players and different knowledge systems, and tends to emphasise that solutions are context-specific and may need to be re-negotiated over time. A soft systems approach is advocated, focusing on INRM planning and capacity building as human activities taking place in particular social, geographical and institutional contexts.