Abstract: This paper is a study of bilingual talk among Garrwa/Kriol speakers in the communities of Borroloola and Robinson River, NT, focussing on choices speakers make between traditional and non-traditional Indigenous languages in ordinary conversations. The analysis presented here supports the view of code-switching, recently summarized by Matras, as an interactional resource?a means by which speakers can structure their talk around the local contingencies of an interaction. Language choice may be symbolic of a particular social stance or ?social arena? in a given context, but the fact of language shift (regardless of the direction of the shift), may be equally significant in demarcating conversational activities, and marking shifts in perspective.