Abstract: This paper will talk about the following issues: · The extent of child sexual abuse in Indigenous communities; · The complications around understanding the problem - why it is even more difficult to understand child sexual abuse in Indigenous communities than in the non-Indigenous population; · The contribution of past and present trauma experienced by Indigenous people to the present problem of child sexual abuse; · Cultural clashes in the child protection system - how one cultural model of operating is imposing on another cultural model of operating; and, · The way forward, moving beyond consultation to negotiation.