Abstract: The terms “Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander,” “Aboriginal,” and “Indigenous” are used interchangeably to describe the descendants of the native inhabitants of Australia prior to European settlement. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples currently comprise roughly 2.5 % of the Australian population, with around half living in outer regional and remote areas (Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision [SCRGSP], 2011: 3.3–3.5). For the purposes of this entry, “culture” is considered to relate to values, preferences, and beliefs that are passed down through generations (Guiso, Sapienza, & Zingales, 2006) and which may be characterized by distinctive symbols, text, and languages (Throsby, 2001: 4).