Abstract: Some health service areas are succeeding in reducing the population health status differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people but the gap remains a significant challenge. Concerted system efforts are assisting many Aboriginal people to achieve health gains but significant numbers are still missing out. More Aboriginal people are accessing the right health care but the health system must do more to provide respectful, safe, relevant health services. Aboriginal people are underrepresented in the health sector workforce and this needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.