Abstract: It is recognised that employment leads not only to improved incomes for the individual, family and communities, but also enhances self-esteem, increases opportunities for self-development and reduces social isolation. Aboriginal people and communities should have the opportunity to benefit from the mainstream economy – real jobs, business opportunities, economic independence and wealth creation. It is widely acknowledged that high and/or persistent unemployment increases the risk of poverty and contributes to disadvantage. Aboriginal economic development means substantial involvement by Aboriginal people in employment, in business and in acquiring assets and growing wealth. Successful Aboriginal businesses offer jobs, develop ideas and skills, provide role models for others and bring money into the local community. For example, 15 members of the Pilbara Aboriginal Contractors Association have Aboriginal employment rates of about 45 per cent compared to less than 10 per cent for mainstream industry. These figures demonstrate the potential for successful Aboriginal business to significantly improve Aboriginal employment rates.